The book “Built to Last” is excellent. Here’s an excerpt.
“…a key aspect of highly visionary companies: They do not oppress themselves with what we call the ‘Tyranny of the OR.’ The ‘tyranny of the OR’ pushes people to believe that things must be either A OR B, but not both. “OR” thinkers say:

· ‘You can have low cost OR high quality.’
· ‘You can have creative autonomy OR consistency and control.’
· ‘You can make progress by methodical planning OR by opportunistic groping.’
· ‘You can create wealth for your shareholders OR do good for the world.’
· ‘You can be idealistic (values-driven) OR pragmatic (profit-driven).’

Visionary companies liberate themselves with the ‘Genius of the AND’ – the ability to embrace both extremes of a number of dimensions at the same time. Instead of choosing between A OR B, they figure out a way to have both A AND B.

– purpose beyond profit AND pragmatic pursuit of profit

– a relatively fixed core ideology AND vigorous change and movement

– conservatism around the core AND bold, committing, risky moves

– clear vision and sense of direction AND opportunistic groping and experimentation

– audacious goals AND incremental evolutionary progress

– selection of managers steeped in the core AND selection of managers that induce change

– ideological control AND operational autonomy

– extremely tight culture AND ability to change, move, adapt

– investment for the long-term AND demands for short- term performance

– philosophical, visionary, futuristic AND superb daily execution, ‘nuts and bolts’

– organization aligned with a core ideology AND organization adapted to its environment

We’re not talking about mere balance here. ‘Balance’ implies going to the midpoint, fifty-fifty, half and half. A visionary company doesn’t seek balance between short-term and long-term, for example. It seeks to do very well in the short-term and very well in the long- term. A visionary company doesn’t simply balance between idealism and profitability; it seeks to be highly idealistic and highly profitable. A visionary company doesn’t simply balance between preserving a tightly held core ideology and stimulating vigorous change and movement; it does both to an extreme. In short, a highly visionary company doesn’t want to blend yin and yang into gray, indistinguishable circle that is neither highly yin nor highly yang; it aims to be distinctly yin and distinctly yang – both at the same time, all the time.

As F. Scott Fitzgerald pointed out, ‘The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function.’ This is exactly what the visionary companies are able to do.”